À quoi sert un pont roulant ?

Overhead cranes, also called bridge crane, as an important type of lifting equipment, are widely used in various industries to efficiently and safely lift, lower and transport heavy objects. It plays a crucial role in simplifying operation processes, reducing labor costs and improving production efficiency.

What is overhead crane used for ? This article systematically discusses the definition, types, composition, application, advantages and maintenance precautions of bridge cranes.

I. Definition of Overhead Crane

Overhead cranes are usually installed inside factory buildings and are lifting equipment composed of main beams, end beams and hoisting trolleys (such as electric hoists). The main beam and the end beam are connected by bolts. The hoisting trolley is installed on the main beam and can move within the length and width range of the working space, thereby achieving precise positioning of the heavy object.

II. Types of Overhead Cranes

♦ Single-girder overhead crane：

This type of crane is equipped with only one main girder to connect the end girder and the hoisting trolley. It features low cost and light weight, and is suitable for facilities with limited clear height and low load capacity requirements (0.5 tons to 20 tons).

♦ Double-girder overhead crane：

Compared with single-girder cranes, double-girder bridge cranes use two main beams and place the hoisting trolley between the two main beams. It has a stronger load capacity (3 tons to 400 tons), a wider span range and a higher hook height. With the development of technology, some double-girder bridge cranes have achieved intelligent control functions.

♦ Monorail crane：

This type of crane is equipped with a hoist and trolley suspended by a main beam, enabling it to move along a straight or curved path. It is particularly suitable for assembly lines and repetitive lifting tasks.

♦ Free standing overhead crane：

With a load capacity of less than 5 tons, it needs to be used in conjunction with columns and is suitable for small-scale hoisting operations. Compared with cantilever cranes, it has higher safety and can be regarded as a small independent lifting system in large factories.

III. Components of Overhead Bridge Cranes

♦ Bridge frame：

A horizontal crossbeam that spans the working space and supports the crane and the hoisting trolley.

♦ End beam：

As the longitudinal running mechanism of the crane, it is installed on the track and is used to connect and support the main beam, enabling it to move along the track.

♦ Hoisting Trolley：

Composed of a hoisting mechanism and a traveling mechanism, it is generally an electric hoist (0.5 tons to 20 tons) or a winch trolley (5 tons to 400 tons). The lifting mechanism achieves the lifting or lowering of the load through the motor driving the drum, while the running mechanism drives the wheels to move left and right along the bridge frame through the motor.

♦ Track：

The wheels on the two end beams of the crane move on the track, which is fixed to the load-bearing beams, and the load-bearing beams are installed at the corbels of the workshop columns.

IV. Application of Overhead Bridge Cranes(À quoi sert un pont roulant ?)

♦ Manufacturing and Production Workshop：

Generally equipped with 5-ton single-girder bridge cranes and 10-ton double-girder bridge cranes, they are used for tasks such as material handling, assembly, and equipment maintenance.

♦ Warehousing and Logistics Center：

Intelligent control bridge cranes are mostly adopted to facilitate the storage and retrieval of goods and optimize the utilization rate of space at the same time. Corresponding lifting gear can be configured according to the requirements of different products.

♦ Garbage Disposal Center：

Usually, grab bridge cranes (mostly double-girder structures) are installed, using grabs to replace traditional hooks for garbage grasping and transportation.

♦ Steel mills：

They mostly use electromagnetic double-girder bridge cranes. According to the different requirements of steel products, they are equipped with corresponding electromagnetic lifting devices or suction cups for the storage and retrieval of steel plates, steel coils, steel pipes, etc. At present, many steel mills have updated to an intelligent control operation mode.

V. Advantages of Overhead Bridge crane

♦ High Efficiency and Productivity：

Bridge cranes can complete material handling tasks quickly and accurately, significantly reducing labor costs.

♦ High Safety：

Proper maintenance of bridge cranes can effectively reduce the risks of injuries and accidents caused by manual lifting.

VI. Maintenance and Security considerations

Regular inspection and maintenance are key links to ensure the safe and efficient operation of bridge cranes, mainly including the inspection of wear and damage conditions as well as the maintenance of component lubrication. In addition, before use, the operators must receive professional training and be familiar with the safety features and operating procedures of the crane. During the actual operation process, the load limit should be strictly adhered to to ensure that there are no obstacles or irrelevant personnel in the working area.

VII. Conclusion

Overhead cranes, as multi-functional tools, are indispensable in various industries and can significantly enhance efficiency, safety and save costs. Its diverse types and configurations can meet the extensive demands in fields such as manufacturing, warehousing, construction and transportation. By strictly adhering to maintenance and safety regulations, bridge cranes can offer long-lasting and reliable performance, making significant contributions to the development and success of enterprises.

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